"YOU ASKED FOR TURKISH TRACES"
BY
POLAT KAYA
(Copyright ©
Polat Kaya
December 18, 2003)
Table of Contents
1. First of all, you say that:
Dear Akhilesh Pillalamarri,
I thank you for your kind and supportive comments. I appreciated them. Your
scholarly questions are valid ones and they need to be answered with care. That
is why I have taken time in responding. Scholars like yourself who show keen
understanding in what I have written deserve my attention. Hovever those who use
put-down comments, simply because what I say is contrary to their convictions
will not get my attention.
> However, my objection is to the fact that the Turks actually appear
> near Greece (in Antolia, where they replaced the Greek-speakers).
> around 1050-1100 A.D. while the Mycerian civilization was between
> 1400-1200 B.C.
Polat Kaya: Your
statement "Turks actually appear near Greece (in Antolia, where they replaced
the Greek-speakers) around 1050-1100 A.D." actually represents only part of the
picture and not all of the picture of the ancient world. In my paper when I
pointed out that that the so-called "GILGAMESH" epic was in fact named as "BILGAMESH"
originally, the Turkish Language was there. The meaning of this is that Turkish
speaking people, whether under the name Tur, Turk, Turukku, Sumer, Ki-en-gi or
by any other Turkic name, were there and were using their language in naming the
oldest known epic story, i.e., "BILGAMESH" that was intentionally changed to
GILGAMESH later. Thus, this ancient epic story's connection with the ancient
Turks and Turkish language was intentionally cut off. The presence of a language
at a time and a place indicates the presence of those people who spoke that
language. The BILGAMESH epic was composed at least some six thousand years ago.
The earliest that Greeks can be located is about the beginning of the second
millennium B.C. Thus, the appearance of Greeks in history is much more recent a
phenomena than the spread of
Tur/Turk peoples.
Encyclopaedia Britannica notes, although hesitatingly, that the Turanians
antedated the Aryans in Asia and Europe. This is the fact of the matter. Yet
historians make no mention of this fact as if the Turanians never existed. As I
mentioned in my paper, the Sumerians, Masarians, Minoans, Thracians, Trojans,
Lidians, Phrygians, Pelasgian, Hurrians, Mitannies, Kanaans Turukkus, Kassites,
and many more were Turkish speaking Tur peoples contrary to misinformation that
have been fed to readers at large. This is why GENESIS 11 says that the world
spoke one language. Thus, the first appearance of the Tur/Turk people in the
Middle East and Anatolia cannot be around 1050-1100 A.D. as is misleadingly
stated.
The Turkish movements from Central Asia that took place at around 1050-1100 AD
is just the latest of many ancient movements of the Turkish peoples into all
directions of Asia, Europe, Middle East and North Africa. Modern history tries
to present the events of 1050 to 1100 AD as the earliest known traces of Turks,
but this is done purely for political reasons. This does not mean that Tur/Turk
peoples were not in the Middle East before this event.
When we recognize the ancient world in this light, then we find that those who
created the so-called Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations at 1450 B.C. or earlier
were in fact the Turkic speaking Tur/Turk peoples. The so-called Trojan wars
between the Greeks and the Trojans are nothing but the ancient wars between Tur/Turk
Trojans of Troy and the Hellenes. The very fact that the name TROY contains the
Turkish words "TUR" and "ÖY" is an indication that Troy was the home of Tur/Turks
peoples. The name TROY is an anagram of Turkish "TUR-ÖY" meaning "Home of Tur"
or "Tur home". The so-called "PELASGIANS" were the native Tur/Turk people of the
Aegean Sea area and Thracia before the Greeks arrived at what is presently
called "Greece", that is, the ancient "Ay-Han-istan" (Yunanistan) of the
so-called Ionians (Ay-Hans). The Lemnos Island inscription is written in Turkish
and is a verification of this fact. http://www.compmore.net/~tntr/lemstelea.html
Thus it must be realized that Turkish - Greek contact does not take place at
year 1050-1100 as
we are all led to believe, but rather far earlier. This suppresion of the
ancient Tut/Turk civilization is done because of the fact that this ancient
Turanian civilization has been usurped (looted).
Before the introduction of Judeo-Christianity, the ancient Tur/Turk world was
very widely spread all over the Middle East, North Africa and Europe since very
ancient times as the archaeological findings indicate. With the introduction of
Judeo-Christianity the ancient Turanian religion and along with it the Turkish
language were diligently obliterated and all the ties of Tur/Turk peoples to
their ancient world was wiped away. Modern history does not want to remember
this ancient Turkic world because Judeo-Christian religious books were used as
the source for ancient history. Judeo-Christianity holybooks tell their
believers that they should not believe anything that happened before their time.
They even reset the reference starting point to Year 0 some two thousand years
ago implying that there was no history worth knowing before Judeo-Christianity.
The believers are forced and/or induced to forget previous times altogether. And
forget they did. Those who schemed to bury that ancient Turanian civilization in
the first place will not help to bring it back.
Just before this response to your letter, I put out a paper entitled "The Riddle
of DIOGENES" in the internet forum called historical_linguistics. You could read
it, if you wish, at this address:http://groups.yahoo.com/group/historical_linguistics/message/383 It
would answer some of your questions.
The earlier Tur/Turk world of Anatolia was wiped away particularly after the
military conquests of Alexander the Great and by the Greek states that were
established in Anatolia and the Middle East and finally by the so-called
Byzantium Empire.
After the introduction of Judeo-Christianity, the ancient Turanian religious
civilization and the Turkish language were subjected to extensive hostile
activities. The world-wide Turanian religion was termed as "paganism" or "idol
worshipping", animism, shamanism, etc. yet the new religions took all their
tenets from this ancient religion. In the process, the ancient Turkish world has
been subjected to all kinds of division, extinction, forceful removal and
assimilation. Present day Turks have been alienated from their very ancient
roots almost completely. As I explained in my previous papers, when the Turkic
world was around almost everywhere, with their universal Sun-God,
Moon-Good, and Sky-Father-God trinity religion, neither the Greeks nor the
so-called "Indo-Europeans" were around.
Anatolia before Alexander the Great was full of Turkish speaking Tur/Turk
peoples. After the invasion of Anatolia and the rest of the Middle East by
Alexander the Great, a wholesale Hellenization and obliteration of the ancient
Turkish world took place. After the introduction of Judeo-Christianity, the
obliteration of this ancient Turanian world was completed until the new waves of
Turks (1050 - 1100 AD)
started coming again.
Even the so-called term "Mediterranean Sea" is very much an anagram of Turkic
"MEDE TURANIAN SU" (METE TURANIAN SU) meaning "The Sea of the Mata/Mete
Turanians" or "Sea of Turanian peoples". Mete is one Turkish name of the ancient
Turanian trinity Sky-God. Different versions of this name were used by ancient
kings and peoples as titles identifying their affinity to the ancient Turanians
and their religion.
> Please explain, though in my
> understanding the first "Turks" were assimilated into Greek culture
> very early on; but there should be a trace of their journey from
> central asia at least.
Polat Kaya: Movements
of Tur/Turk peoples from Central Asia did not occur at one time, but rather was
spread over a very wide time span since the ending of the last Ice Age in
Europe. Such movements antedate many times over the so-called B.C. reference set
about 2000 years ago. With respect to the trace of Turanian Turkish peoples, I
will highlight a few but very important traces. First about the ancient
Greeks.
Referring to Thucydides's writings, Hendrik Willem van Loon writes the following
about the early Greeks: [1]
"Of these early hellenes we know nothing. Thucydides, the historian of the fall
of Athens, describing his earliest ancestors, said that they "did not amount to
very much," and this was probably true. They were very ill-mannered. They lived
like pigs and threw the bodies of their enemies to the wild dogs who guarded
their sheep. They
had very little respect for other people's rights, and they killed the natives
of the Greek peninsula (who were called the Pelasgians) and stole their farms
and took their cattle and made their wives and daughters slaves and wrote
endless songs praising the courage of the clan of the Achaeans, who had led the
Hellenic advance-guard into the mountains of Thessaly and the Peloponnesus.
But here and there, on the tops of high rock, they saw the
castles of the Aegeans and those they did not attack for they feared the metal
swords and the spears of the Aegean soldiers and knew that they could not hope
to defeat them with their clumsy stone axes.
For many centuries they continued to wander from valley to valley and from
mountain side to mountain side. Then the whole land had been occupied and the
migration had come to an end.
That moment was the beginning of the Greek civilization. The Greek farmer,
living within sight of the Aegean colonies, was finally driven by curiosity to
visit his haughty neighbors. He discovered that he could learn many useful
things from the men who dwelt behind the high stone walls of Mycenae and Tiryns.
He was a clever pupil. Within a short time he mastered the art of handling those
strange iron weapons which the Aegeans had brought from Babylon and from Thebes.
He came to understand the mysteries of navigation. He began to build little
boats for his own use.
And when he learned everything the Aegeans could teach him he turned upon his
teachers and drove them back to their islands. Soon afterwards he ventured forth
upon the sea and conquered all the cities of the Aegean. Finally in the
fifteenth century before our era he plundered and ravaged Cnossus and ten
centuries after their first appearance upon the scene the Hellenes were the
undisputed rulers of Greece, of the Aegean and of the coastal regiones of Asia
Minor. Troy, was destroyed in the eleventh century B. C. European history was to
begin in all seriousness."
Similarly, the Encyclopaedia Britanniaca writes the following about the Aegean
Civilization: [2]
"Aegean civilization is a general term for the prehistoric Bronze Age cultures
of the area around the Aegean Sea covering a period from c. 2500 B.C. or earlier
until c. 1100 B.C.,when iron begins to come into
general use throughout the area. From the earliest times these cultures fall
into four main geographical groups: (1) Crete, , (2) Cycladic islands, (3) the
mainland of Greece, including Thessaly, and (4) the Troad (the land of Troy) in
northwestern Asia Minor, together with coasts of western Asia Minor, the great
coastal islands (Lemnos, Lesbos, Chios, Samos) and Macedonia. The cultures of
this fourth group have many affinities with the early cultures of central and
southern Asia Minor and are really more allied to them than to the other
cultures of the Aegean area.
TRACE 1: This citing tells us
that Greeks were not the indigenous people of so-called ancient "Greece". There
were a native people whom Greeks called "Pelasgian" and these peaple had the
knowledge and the capability of making "castles' at the top of high places which
were most difficult to reach. These natives already had a highly developed
civilization, religion and language of their own. However, they were subjected
to constant hostility of the incoming Greeks. Boat building was much earlier a
navigation technique used by the natives. It was not an invention of Greeks
contrary to misinformation. They learned the technique from the native
Pelasgians, i.e., ancient Turkish Ay-Hans and Gün-Hans of the area. The name
AEGEAN is a composite word made up from the Turkish AY (moon) and GÜN (sun)
words embedded in it from Turkish AY-Han and GÜN-Han names similar to many other
Greek words that are made up from Turkish words and phrases. Thus words and
names belonging to the Turkish language are the first trace indicating Turkish
presence in ancient "Greece" or anywhere else.
TRACE 2: "KURGANS":The
"KURGAN" culture is Tur/Turk culture. Burying their dead in very elaborate
underground chambers is an ancient Turanian culture. Archaeologists find
"kurgans" all over Asia and Europe including ancient Greece and Anatolia and
Middle East. Even the ziggurats and pyramids are architectural structures of
ancient Turanians.
The KURGANS, also known as "tumulus", are truly ancient Turkish and Turanian
culture contrary to attributing these ancient artifacts to all kinds of peoples.
"KURGANs are found throughout Asia and Europe and Anatolia. The word "KURGAN" is
a pure Turkish word having the meaning of "1. Fortification, castle, fortress.
2. Tomb, mound, tumulus." The word is most likely from Turkish "KORUGAN" ("KORUYAN")
meaning "that which protects". Ancient "kurgans" were the perfectly shaped
conical "tombs" pointing to the "sky" and made to protect the dead persons body
and all the other artifacts that were put in his/her chamber in order to help
him/her in their after life.
"Kurgans" were another form of "tomb" like the famed "pyramids" of ancient Masar
(MISIR) dedicated to the sky-god by kings and rich persons. They looked like an
earthen pyramit from a distance. They are made with heaped stones and soil on
the top of the chamber that contained the body and belongings of the dead
person. The name "Kurgan" also hides away the name "KORGUN" meaning "FIERY SUN"
which is a Turkish expression describing the Sun-God. The contents of many such
ancient Turkic kurgans presently embellish many museums of the world. Most
Kurgans have been robbed for the riches that they contained. Many "kurgans' are
found in Euroasia, see map given by Mike Edwards and Sisse Brimberg. [3] Some of
the most famed "kurgans" belonged to Phyrgian and Lydian kings in Anatolia.
These have nothing to do with the so-called "Indo-European" peoples contrary to
bogus claims by some European writers that they are "Indo-European".
Many similar but small sized conical tombs are found in Eastern Turkistan
presently under China. The "pointiness" of many Tur/Turk structures is an
ancient Turanian culture that relates to the ancient Turanian Sky-God. Even the
tops of ancient Turkish KUMBETS, another tomb structure, are conical. The tops
of Turkish minarets are conical. So these monuments are essentially dedicated to
the Sky-God. It must be noted that even the so-called English term "TOMB" is
from the Turkish word "TUM" meaning artificially made "heap of soil, hill,
mound".
Thus those thousands of kurgans that are distributed all over Asia, Europe,
Anatolia and other places are the traces that speak in concrete terms of the
movements of ancient Turanian Tur/Turk peoples.
TRACE 3: "ISTAN" name: One of
the ancient traces of Turkic peoples are the toponyms given to land reference
points where they lived. The word "TOPONYM" is said to be from Greek "topos"
meaning "place plus "onyma" meaning name. This is rather misleading. The
so-called "topos" is an anagram of Turkish word "tepe" meaning "hill" and "onyma"
is an anagram of Turkish word "NAMI" meaning "its name". Thus, even the source
of the term "TOPONYM" is from a Turkish expression, i.e., "TEPE NAMU" meaning
"the name of a hill" thus a "place name". Thus when we examine Greek words or
names we find that Turkish is embedded in them. In other words, so-called
"Greek" words are actually Turkish words or phrases that have been restructured
to camouflage their Turkish source identity as I have shown with many
examples.
The fact that the country presently called "Greece" is also called "YUNANISTAN"
in Turkish indicates that this geographical area was an "ISTAN" country in
ancient times. Greeks prefer to be called by the name "Hellen" rather than "Yunan"
which is an altered form of "Ay-Han (Ion). The name "YUNANISTAN" is not a name
left over from the recent Ottoman times. Its roots go way back to the times of
ancient Ionians who predated the Greeks. Thus the Turkish name "ISTAN" is at the
heart of the name "YUNANISTAN". This is also supported by other similar names
within the same geographical area, such as: "MACARISTAN" for the present
Hungary, "BULGARISTAN" for Bulgaria and even "LEHISTAN for Poland.
The ancient city of CONSTANTIANA in Souteast Romania is from the ancient Turkish
expression "KUNISTANTI HANA" meaning "GÜNISTAN home (place)". The Turkish word
"HAN" while meaning "Lord" also means "palace" or "place" or "house" in the form
"HANA" (hane). The word "Hana" or "hane" has nothing to do with "Persian"
although it is also used in that language. The suffix "-A" at the end of "HANA"
is the suffix of feminization from the masculine name "HAN". Another name of the
city was "CONSTANTA" from Turkish "KUNISTANDI" meaning "it is GÜNISTAN".
The River DNIEPER in present Ukraine was called "BORYSTHENES" in ancient times.
This name is an anagram of Turkish expression "BIR-O ISTAN-SU" meaning "water of
ONE-God" which refers to the ancient Turanian SKY-FATHER-GOD. It could also be
an anagram of Turkish expression "BÖRI-ISTAN-SU" (Gök-Böri-istan su", "Gök-Kurt-istan
su" veya "Bozkurt-istan su") meaning "The water of Gray-Wolf-God" or "Blue
Wolf-God". It is interesting to note that even at present there is the Turkish
Bashkurtistan autonomous republic in Russia. These are all traces of ancient
Turkish presence.
Even the country name "ESTONIA" is a camouflaged form of Turkish "ISTAN ÖYU".
The famed LAKE of CONSTANCE in the ALP mountains between the frontier of
Germany, Austria and Switzerland, gets its name from Turkish "KUNISTANCI". Even
the so-called Indo-European name "LAKE" (LAC in French, LOCH in Scottish) is an
anagram of Turkish "KÖL" (GÖL) meaning "lake". Turkish "KÖL" (GÖL) read
backwards gives the names Lake, Lac and Loch.
In the same area, the country name AUSTRIA is an anagram of Turkish expression "OUS
TUR ÖYI" (OGUZ TUR ÖYÜ) meaning "Home of Oguz Turs/Turks".
The name ALP, as the name of the famed ALP mountains, is from Turkish "AL-aPa"
meaning "red father" referring to the name of the ancient Turanian "Sun-God".
The Turkish word "ALP" also has the meanings of: hero; brave; difficult to
overcome. So are the Alp mountains.
From all of this, it is seen that the so-called "Eastern Europe" must have been
another ancient "TURKISTAN" where Turkish speaking Tur/Turk peoples lived and
named their land in Turkish until the so-called "Indo-Europeans" came and
altered that "ISTAN" picture of ancient Europe. Evidently, Turkish "ISTAN" named
countries were so wide spread that Greeks, after establishing themselves in the
area presently called "Greece", initiated "ANTI-ISTAN" activities. I have
explained this in my paper on "The Riddle of DIOGENES".
Even the name "BYZANTIUM" is most likely usurped from the ancient Thracian
kingdom name "BISTONIUM" (from Turkish "BEYISTAN ÖYÜM" meaning "my BEYISTAN
home" where Turkish "BEY" means "LORD"). Evidently, ancient Greeks depended very
heavily on the technique of changing and owning Turkish words, expressions and
names. This must have been a way of life for the ancient pre- Byzantine Greeks
and Byzantine Greeks. The name "BYZANTIUM" is very much a replacement of an
abolished ancient Turkish name, as many other Greek names and words are.
When the name "BYZANTIUM" is decrypted letter-by-letter as "BIYZTANUM"
and read as in Turkish, we find that it is nothing but the anagrammatized
Turkish expression "BEYISTANUM" meaning "I am the Lord-God"; secondly, it is
from the Turkish expression "BEYISTAN ÖYUM" meaning "My country is Beyistan"
where the name "BEYISTAN" is a proper name just as the name "TURKISTAN" is. A
third alternative meaning embedded in the name "BYZANTIUM" when decrypted as "BYZ-ANT-IUM"
and read as in Turkish, is the Turkish expression "BEYAZ HANTI ÖYÜM" (AKSARAYTI
ÖYÜM) meaning " White-House is my Home". All
of these very exalting meanings, expressed all in one word, are possible only
with Turkish. I should also note that presently many modern Christian countries
use this Turkish expression for their "palaces" as "White House" or "Casa
Bianca" or "Casa Blanca" meaning "white house". These are not arbitrary choices
but rather from an ancient Turkish source.
The ancient City of ISTANBUL also has a quarter in the heart of the city called
"AKSARAY" meaning "white palace". All these are not coincidences. As it is seen,
even the name ISTANBUL comes from the Turkish ISTAN as I explained in my recent
paper "The Riddle of Diogenes".
It is no wonder that some famed Europeans have said the following about
Turkish:
Max Mulller: "Turkish
is the result of the creative power of the Turkish langugae. It is the product
of human intellect's awesome might. There is no other language which can be
understood as easily, or enjoyed as much as Turkish."
Paul Roux: "Turkish is a
mathematical language full of thought and intellect."
Moliere: "Turkish is
language to be admired; you can express a great deal by a few words."
These famed people must have known Turkish rather
intimately.
Of course the most interesting of all is the name of the king CONSTANTINE I the
Great who named an ancient town of Thracian Turks on the Bosphorus with the name
"CONSTANTINOPOLE" supposedly after his "Greek" name.
The name CONSTANTINE is anagrammatized from a SUN (GUNES) based Turkish
expression. This Roman king, like all other Roman kings, was initially a "pagan"
king meaning that he was the believer of the ancient Tur/Turk peoples Sky-God
religion. Hence his title was in accordance with the Turanian traditions of
titling kings after the Sun in Turkish. He became a Christian later.
1. In one
meaning of his title CONSTANTINE, when it is decrypted letter-by-letter as
"CON-STAN-TI-EN", it is an anagram of Turkish expression "KUN-ISTAN-Ti hAN" ("Gün-Istan-di
Han") meaning "The Lord was Sun-God" which ennobles him to the level of Sun-God. Thus
the title deifies the king in Turkish in accordance with the ancient Turkish
tradition.
As is seen in this anagram, the "CON" part of the title pronounced as "KON" is
Turkish "KÜN" (GÜN) meaning "sun", "STAN" is Turkish "ISTAN" meaning "God", "TI"
is the Turkish verbal suffix "TI/DI" of verb "to be", and "EN" is the anagram of
Turkish "HAN" meaning "lord".
2. In another meaning of his
title CONSTANTINE, when it is decrypted as "CON-ISTAN-T-EN", is from Turkish
expression "KÜN-ISTAN aTa-hAN" ("Gün-Istan Ata-Han") meaning "Lord Father is
Sun-God". Thus king Constatntine again deifies himself in accordance with
ancient Turkic traditions.
3. In
another meaning of his title CONSTANTINE, when it is decrypted as "CONSTANT-EN"
and read as in Turkish, is from Turkish expression "KONaSTANTi HAN" (GÜNESTENDI
HAN) meaning "The Lord is from Sun" or "Lord is a follower of the Sun". This
again identifies the so-called "pagan" identity of this ancient Greek king who
chose to hide his real Turkish title in a camouflaged manner. In other words he
usurped his title from Turkish as did so many others.
Additionally, from all this, it becomes evident that the ancient Turkic name "ISTAN"
was obliterated from Europe as presently Turkic name "BALKAN" is being slowly
obliterated form the Eastern European geography.
Many other kings, popes and unofficial personalities have taken this exalting
Turkish name in a disguised form (i.e., Constantine).
Yet none of these names are Greek as claimed but rather are anagrammatized from
Turkish into Greek by way of hellenization.
The city name CONSTANTINOPOLE, when decrypted as "CONISTANTI N OP OEL" is
actually an anagram of the Turkish expression "KONISTANTI HAN APA AUL" meaning
"Lord Father village is KUNISTAN". This revelation should clear up all confusion
associated with the names ISTANBUL and CONSTANTINOPOLE.
We are given the impression that the ancient Greeks founded the city of
Constantinopolis. This is not the case. All the Greek colonizers did was open up
a trading station near an ancient Thracian town on the Bosphorus. This trading
station that they opened up there was used as an excuse to take over the land as
was the case in other "trading stations". The point I am trying to make here is
that the city was already founded by the earlier Thracians. The name of this
ancient city was changed to the present Turkish name of ISTANBUL after it was
taken in 1453 by the Great Ottoman Sultan Fatih Mehmet HAN.
Even the name ISTANBUL is a composite Turkish expression standing for "ISTAN-ABA
AUL" meaning "God-Father Village". The word AUL is the ancient Turkish word
meaning "village". Presently on the Bosphorus there is an area called "ISTINYE"
which is very much the remnant of the ancient name "ISTAN OYÜ" meaning "Home of
God". Also on the Bosphorus is the place called "TARABIYA" which is very much
the remnant of ancient Turkish "TUR ABA OY" meaning "TUR FATHER HOME".
TRACE 4: TOMBSTONES ("Mezar
Taslari"). Strewn all over Central Asia are the single stone "tombstones'
erected for the dead. They are unique in the sense that they are slender, tall,
four sided stones where normally the top is cut diagonally leaving a pointed tip
at the top. [4] Pointed structures is very much the tradition of ancient
Turanians because its religous meaning was that all things to point to
"Sky-God". For that reason alone, even ancient Turanian head-dresses were
pointed ones which comes to present times in Turkish ISTAN countries. These
ancient tombstones are generally embellished with an "EYE" symbol, that is.
Either two concentric circles with a dot at the centre or "a circle with a dot
at the centre," placed at the top of the stone, and additionally with writings
and/or animal pictures on them. The "EYE" symbol is not only a symbol indicating
the SUN and MOON disks but is also the symbol of the ancient Sky-Father-God "OGUZ"
which has many meanings one of which is Turkish "O-GÖZ" meaning "that eye".
Quiet often these tombstones have inscriptions written on them describing the
identities of the persons that lie in their eternal sleep below the stone. Many
detailed descriptions of such tombstones are given by Hüseyin Namik Orkun, "Eski
Türk Yazitlari" [5] Türk Dil Kurumu Yayinlari, Ankara, 1987,
Tomb stones similar to the tomb stones of Central Asia are strewn all over
Europe all the way to Ireland and Scotland at the west, to Scandinavian
countries in the north, to Western France and Germeny in the west and Central
Europe.
For example, the village of CARNAC of northwest France [6],
in the department of Morbihan and the territory of Lorient (arrondissement of
Lorient), 14 km. S.W. of Auray, and nearby Menec menhir system, and another one
at a place called Kermario are aligned in rows of such standing stones or
alternatively "menhirs" dated some 3000 B.C. The pictures from these "standing
stone" sites are very illuminating. Around
the village of Carnac in Brittany stand long rows of menhirs, more than 3000 in
all, in 11 rows streching as long as two miles. [7]
Mustafa Gökmen, in describing the Turkish inscriptions on Turkish Tonyukuk
monument in Mongolia, states that from the tomb-complex towards east a long
chain of "balbals" extend over the hills facing the monument. [8] Thus we find
the long chain of stones in rows in central Asian Turkish monuments also.
The name "menhir" is etymologized as being "men" meaning "stone" and "hir"
meaning "tall" [9] which seems to be total misinformation. The French dictionary
does not have any of these root words. It is my view that "MENHIR" is from
Turkish expression "MEN ER" meaning "I am hero" (I am soldier). Since each one
of these stones represent a fallen person, the Turkic etymology is far more
appropiate for the described concept. After all these stones are "tombstones"
and are not named after their tallness. The MENEC stones are in rows of
thousands of stones as if they were "soldiers" in lines ready for some action.
We find similar tombstones all the way in western SCOTLAND. Iain Zaczek and
David Lyons, in their book, provide excellent pictures of such tombstones (menhirs)
in Scotland. [10] They are shown to be very much the same structures as the ones
found in Central Asia. We also find them in Ireland. [11]
Thus the Eurpean "menhir' stones are very much the traces of ancient Tur/Turk
peoples in Western Europe.
TRACE 5: Separation of words
in writing systems. In many ancient Turanian writings words are separated from
each other with dots, generally two dots, i.e., a colon (:), and some times with
one, three or four dots. Thus, any confusion that might arise due to mixing
words in a line with each other is avoided. This is a characteristic of ancient
Turkic writing system. The Gök Türk inscriptions in Central Asia, runic
inscriptions on stones found all over Europe, Pelasgian inscriptions, Etruscan
inscriptions, and Phrygian inscriptions use the same dot delimiter for word
separation. Ancient writings found on rock faces from Wadi Djerat, Tassial in
Libian Sahara desert show this type of word separation. [12] Even the words in
the picturially written inscription on so-called Phaistos Disk from the Minoans
on the island of Crete are separated by lines.
TRACE 6: The Spiral symbols:
An ivory artifact having one centrally located large spiral and three pairs of
right and left turning "spiral" motives have been found at Mal'ta (Ma-AL-aTA)
near the Lake Baikal, Altay Mountains (Central Asia). [13] Regarding these
items, see also Joseph Campbell's book. [14] The artifact has been dated to be
some 15,000 years old. Together with this artifact, other ornamental artifacts
such as ivory birds (geese or swans), beads, etc. have also been found in the
same area all dated 15,000 years old. [15] The right-left turning spiral pairs
engraved on rocks and many other mediums have been found all over the world. It
has also been used as ornament at the roof tops of ancient buildings and
similarly on the capital of Ionic columns. It seems that these spirals are
representation of a religious concept. It may be thought of as representations
of the Sun and the Moon which were regarded as the right and left eyes of the
sky-Father-God. For example the one shown on the shoulders of the two griffins
located on either side of the throne in the palace of Knossos of the Minoan
ruler in the island of Crete is very much a stylized "eye" which is made with
interspiralling of white and dark colors. [16] Of course it is also a stylized
symbol of the sun. White and dark represent the duality aspect of the ancient
Turanian Sky-God OGUZ religion. Such spirals are also found on the megaliths in
Ireland, [17] and and at Carnac in Brittany, France, and the island of Malta in
the mediterranean. [18], [19] Thus, the ancient spirals drawn on rocks and other
medium provide another trace of the movements of Turanian peoples. The Minoan
seals from the island of Crete are full of many stylized "spiral" motives.
[20]
TRACE 7: THE "GRIFFIN" or
"Griffin." [21] A "GRIFFIN" is a mythological animal figure having two or three
animal figures in one body. They have been defined as: "monster half lion and
half eagle". The term "MONSTER" is actually an anagram of Turkish "MANASTUR"
(Men As TUR) meaning "I am peerless TUR" defining the ancient Turanian trinity
"Sky-God" having three heads in a body, that is, Sky-Father-God, Sun-God and
Moon-God.
Many forms of griffins have been made by ancient Turanian peoples. For example a
very vivid example of this is the Etruscan "CHIMERA". Many Minoan seals are
engraved with figures of griffins. For example the ones found on Figure 233 in
the book by Simon Davis and the sun symbol [22] are very much the same as the
ones found on Pazyryk carpet. Additionally, pictures are in the so-called
"animal style" of Central Asia.
Griffin motives in ancient art is a Turanian concept based on the trinity aspect
of the Turkic Sky-God. "EAGLE" is "KARTAL" in Turkish which is hiding the name "KOR
aTa-AL" meaning "Fire Father Red" referring to the Sun-God. Similarly "ARSLAN"
is the name for Lion in Turkish. The name ARSLAN hides the Turkish expression
"ER AS ALA HAN" meaning "Peerless Man Spotted Lord" which refers to Sky-father
God And the Moon-God. Thus the trinity aspect of the ancient Turanian Sky-God
was expressed with such animal names.
It must be noted that the famed 2500 year old PAZYRYK rug [23], the oldest known
Turkish woollen carpet, dated 5th century B.C. and discovered inside a frozen
tomb in Central Asia portrays many of these so-called "griffins" along the
border of the carpet.
Presently even the Turkic Autonomous Republic of NOGAY in Russia has a griffin
figure on their national flag. [24]
Tamara Talbot Rice provides samples of griffins in the art of Seljuk Turks. [25]
. One of the chief characteristics of such Turanian griffins is a "comma", i.e.,
"," or "crescent" shaped "wing" embellishment attached to the body at the
shoulders. The earlier versions have "crescent" shaped wings. This is found in
most of the griffins found in the ancient Middle East and Mediterranean area.
Including those by the Etruscans.
Another similar example of such beings is the Greek mythological "Centaur" which
I regard as another form of a griffin.
The name "CENTAUR" is said to come from Latin "CENTAURUS" which is said to be
from Greek "KENTAUROS". They are regarded as descendants of Ixion. [26] Ixion in
Greek mythology is a Tessalian king and father of the Centaurs, who was punished
by Zeus for his love for Hera by being tied to a perpetually revolving wheel in
Hades." [27] Larousse World Mythology defines it as "one who was guilty of
attempting to violate Hera, was fastened to a wheel of fire that turned in the
air". [28] Thus Ixion must be the Sun. The so-called Greek mythological "KENTAUROS"
is defined as "half man and half horse". In view of this background information,
I say the name "KENTAUROS" is anagrammatized from a Turkish expression. It is
interesting to note that when the Greek name KENTAUROS is decrypted
letter-by-letter as "KUN AT ER OS" is an anagram of Turkish "KUN AT ER US" (Gün
At-Er Us) meaning "Sun Horse-Man wise" which defines the half man and half horse
aspect of "KENTAUROS". The Turkish composite name "AT-ER" means "Horse - Man".
But this name "KUN AT ER US" is also Turkish expression "KUN ATa ER US" meaning
"Sun-Father is Man-Wise" or "Sun-Father is God-Oz" which defines the ancient
Turanian Sky-God Oguz.
Another Greek version of Centaur is "BUCENTAUR" which is defined as one of a
race of monsters, having the head, arms and torso of a man united to the body
and legs of a bull/ox. Its Greek form is "Boukentauros" and Italian form "Bucentoro".
[29] Its etymology is said to be from Greek "bous" meaning "bull" + "kentauros"
meaning "Centaure". The Greek term "bous" meaning "bull" is from Turkish "BOA"
meaning "bull". The ancient Turanians used the bull (Turkish OKUS, English OX)
as their icon for their Sky God. Thus, "Boukentauros", when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "BOE KUN TUR AUS", is made up from Turkish words "BOA(bull)
+ KUN (sun) + TUR (god) + AUS (Oguz)" meaning "Bull Sun is GOD Oguz" or
alternatively "BOA KÜN OGUSTUR" meaning "Bull is Sun God Oguz". Thus while "BOA"
makes the "bull" part of the body, "KÜN-TUR OGUZ" or "KÜN OGUZTUR" make the
"human" part of half-man and half bull mythological being. Thus, "BUCENTAUR" is
again a personification of the ancient Turanian Sky-god and the name is made
from Turkish words contrary to common belief that it is Greek. Other forms of
these names in other Indo-European languages are also anagrammatized forms of
Turkish sources.
TRACE 8: The Sphinx: Defined
as a "Monster having typically a lions body, wings, and the head and bust of a
woman; specifically, the Sphinx of Thebes, who proposed a riddle to all passers
and upon their failure to guess it destroyed them. Oedipus guessed the riddle,
the Sphinx slew herself, and he became king of Thebes. The riddle: What creature
walks in the morning upon four feet, at noon upon two, at evening upon three".
The Answer: Man, as a baby on hands and knees, later on his feet, and in old age
with a staff. 2. A person of inscrutable character and purposes; any person or
monster thought of as like the sphinxs. 3. Egypt, Archaeol. An image of a
recumbent lion having the head of a man (an androsphinx, as the Sphinx at Giza
representing Harmachis, the morning sun), a ram, or a hawk." [30]
It is most interesting to note that this riddle is also reported with six
different versions in Turkish as a Turkish riddle among some 14000 riddles that
Prof. Ilhan Basgöz has reported. [31]
It is also important to note that the name Thebes is a riddled name: In one
meaning it is the ancient Masarian head city (capital city). THEBES is an
anagram of Turkish TEPE" meaning "the head".
THEBES was the "head city" of ancient southern Masar (Egypt). Additionally,
THEBES refers to the "head" of man. In the given story, the statement "Oedipus
became a king to Thebes" is itself a riddle. "OEDIPUS" when decrypted as "O DIPE
US", name shows itself to be an anagram of Turkish "O TEPE US" meaning "it is
the wisdom of the head" which rules human beings. This revelation also explains
partly the so-called mythological Greek story of "OEDIPUS" which is so complex a
riddle that it has not been solved so far.
The Sphinx at Giza is said to represent the name "Harmachis" meaning "the
morning sun", a ram, or a hawk. The "morning sun" is the "magnificent fire eye"
that is born each morning. With thisbackground information,
we have the following meanings for "Harmachis":
a) In the first meaning, "HARMACHIS" ( < "HAR MA CHIS") is an anagram of Turkish
"KOR MA GÖZ" meaning "Fire magnificent eye" referring to the sun;
b) In the second meaning of being a "ram", "HARMACHIS" ( < "HAR MA CHIS") is an
anagram of Turkish expression "ER MA KOCh" (Er Ma koç) meaning "Magnificent Ram
Man"; and
c) in the third meaning being a "hawk", "HARMACHIS" is an anagram of the Turkish
expression "HUR MA KUSh" meaning "Free Magnificent Bird" which refers to all
"birds of pray" and also the "Sun". Hawk is one such bird.
d) Additionally, the name "HARMACHIS" ( < "HAR MA CHIS") is
an anagram of Turkish expression "KOR MA GUZ" ("Kor Ma Oguz") meaning "Fire
Magnificient OGUZ" referring to the ancient Turanian Sky-God SUN, and/or "ER MA
GUZ" (Er Ma Oguz) meaning "Man Magnificent Oguz" referring to the ancient
Turanian Sky-Father-God.
All of these names define the ancient Turanian Sky-God in a mythological manner
but all in Turkish. It must be noted that the ancient Masarian sky-god was
regarded as a "Hawk god", i.e "HOR" or in Greek "HORUS" god. It is interesting
to note that "HORUS" is very similar to HOROZ which is the Turkish name for a
"rooster".
Thus both the "Griffin" and the "Sphinx" motives in art objects are the
personification of the ancient Turanian Sky-God. These art objects are found
throughout the ancient world and are one of the traces of Tur/Turk peoples. The
Great Sphynx of Giza is a most famous evidence of this Turanian trace.
Turkic Sphinx figure examples are found in the book by Tamara Talbot Rices.
[32].
TRACE 9: Turanian
double bend bow: The Phaistos disk from the island of Crete, a Minoan art object
from the Minoan period, shows the Turanian double-bent bow on the starting point
of the outer circle around the disk indicating that Tur/Turk peoples were there
and the civilization left by them were Turkic. The
reader should see a picture of the Phaistos disk. [33] The double bent bow was
another symbolic trace that ancient Tur/Turk peoples left behind. This symbol
can be observed in many artifacts all over the ancient world.
The double-bent structure of the Turkish bow enables the user to shoot his arrow
to double the distance as compared to the distance that one can achieve with an
ordinary bow.
Etruscan art shows many examples of the Turkic double-bent bow used by Etruscan
horse riding soldiers. In fact, the Etruscan horse-riding soldiers knew the
Turkish way of turning back and shooting an arrow on an oncoming enemy while he
was riding away from the enemy. [34] This was one of the most skilful and
effective Turkic fighting tactics in ancient times. While galloping away on his
horse, the enemy would think he was panicking and retreating but really the Turk
horseman was enticing his enemy to follow him into a hidden encirclement trap.
It was a refined tactical maneuver.
TRACE 10: The ancient Turanian
"animal style" [35] of art is not only local to Central Asia and Eastern
Eurasia, but also to other places as well among which is the islands of Aegean
Sea, for example, the Island of Crete. Figures drawn on many seals left over
from the Minoan civilization in Crete are evidences of it. [36]
In this regard the so-called Scythian golden art work found throughout Asia
should be compared. [37]
TRACE 11: The "Bull" motive
found in many ancient cultures of Asia, Europe, Anatolia, Middle East and North
Africa are the remnants of the ancient Turkish OGUZ religion whose icon was the
Bull (OKUZ).
I could mention many other traces left over from ancient Tur/Turk peoples.
However, these should be sufficient to prove my point. I am glad that you
brought the subject up by your question.
> Also, the Eurasian steppes were dominated by
> Iranian sprakers (Scytians, etc.) before the arrival of Turkic
> peoples. Enlighten me please. I am a new member to this group, btw.
Polat Kaya: SAKA
(Iskit) people so-called "Scythians) were
Central Asiatic Turkish peoples. Turks regard them as one of their ancient
ancestors.
Regarding "Scytians" as "Iranian speaking" peoples is a misinformation that has
been spread without being questioned. So-called "Scythians", Turkish "ISKIT"
and/or "SAKA" Turks, were Turkic speaking Turkish people. [38] It must be noted
that there is a play on the word "Iranian" here. The word "Iranian" does not
mean that all of the people of Iran were always and totally so-called
"Indo-European" stock. Even in present day almost half the population of Iran is
comprised of Turkish peoples. In ancient times Iranian geography was inhabited
by Turanian peoples before the arrivals of "Indo-Europeans". The so-called
"Iranian Saka" peoples were not Indo-European although they have been claimed as
such by some writers. The ancient Iranian Mede people of Medeans were Turkish
speaking Tur peoples. Their name comes from Turkish "METE". The ancient people
of Turukkus on Zagros mountains were Turkish peoples. Even presently KASHGAI
Turks are the inhabitants of the Zagros mountains.
Presently in Siberia the Turkish Autonomous Republic of Sakha still carry the
name of "SAKA". The so-called "Sakhalin" islands in the eastern coast of Asia
carry the name "Saka". The name "SAKHALIN" comes from Turkish expression "SAKA
ILI" meaning "Saka land" (Saka country). The sea between the Sakhalin islands
and the mainland Asia was called "TATAR Sea."
But the Saka Turks have been in many other geographies. The fact is that the
second founding king of the ancient Masar (so-called "Egypt") was named "SAKA"
and they were from Central Asian Tur/Turk peoples. As I pointed out earlier in
my paper that even ancient Masar's (MISIR) founding king was named MENES (MANAS).
Even the title of the famed Pharoh" called "KUFU" is actually Turkich "KAFA"
meaning "head". So, the Saka Turks were also in north Africa.
The name of the island SICILY is from Turkish "SAKA ILU" meaning "Saka country"
(Iskit country). The Latin name "TRINACRIAN" means "Sicilian" and the Latin name
"TRINACRIA" meant Sicily. [39] The Latin name "TRINACRIA", when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "TRANCI-R=IA" is an anagram of Turkish expression "TuRANCI
eR ÖYÜ" meaning "Home of Turanian man" which verifies the name "SAKA ILI"
(Sicily). Even this name verifies that Saka people of ancient Sicily were Tur/Turk
people.
The native "Pelasgians" of ancient "Greece", that is, "Ayhanistan" or "Yunanistan"
were kins to Ionians and Trojans. The name "SAKA" is embedded in the name "PELASGIAN".
The name "SCAMANDER", i.e., the name of the small river flowing by ancient city
of Troy and immortalized by Homer in his renown epic ILIAD, carry the Turkic
name "SAKAMAN DERE" meaning "the Sakaman-brook". The name "SCAMANDER" is an
altered version of Turkish "SAKAMAN DERE".
The name CORSICA must be from Turkish "KOR SAKA" meaning "Fire Saka" as
believers of the Sun.
The name SCANDIA or SCANDIUM for "Scandinavia" is from Turkish "SaKa-hAN-aTa ÖYÜ"
meaning "Home of Father Lord Saka". The name SCANDIUM "SaKa hANDI ÖYÜM" meaning
"My home (country) was SAKA house (land)". Turkish word "Han" means both "lord"
and also "palace" like house. The Scandinavian word Thor/Tor/Tyr meaning "God"
is nothing but the Turkish name TUR which stands not only for the ancient
Turanian Sky-God but also is the ethnic name for Tur/Turk peoples after their
Sky-God TUR. It is no wonder that there are so many runic inscribed stone
monuments strewn all over "Scandia". Those stones are their Turkic trace.
Even the name "SCOTIA" for SCOTLAND most likely comes from Turkish "ISKIT ÖYÜ"
meaning "home of Iskit (Scot)" or "Home of the "Scots". It can also be taken as
Turkish "SAKA ATA ÖYÜ" meaning "Father Saka home". Turkish ISKIT and Scotchman's
term SKOT are very much the same. This affinity is also verified by Scotland's
ancient stone structures which are the same as the ones in Central Asia. [40]
Ancient stone structures of Scotland are given with excellent pictures in a book
by Iain Zaczek and David Lyons. [41].
Similarly compare the ancient Scotland's "minaret" like structure [42] with
Seljuk minaret like structures (see p. 217 Plate 1, p. 232 plate No. 20 the
ramparth of the castle). [43]
In the same book by Iain Zaczek and David Lyons, one should compare ancient Scot
art (page 108, designs on a Cross slab),i.e., the
interwoven animal figures and spirals with the Turkish Seljuk art work in Tamara
Talbot Rices Book Plate No. 44 and 57. Similarly with the Irelands art works.
[44]
The art works and structures of ancient peoples of Scotland and the art works
and structures of Tur peoples of Central Asia are amazingly the same. These
cannot be attributed to coincidences.
***
Dear Akhilesh, with all these background information, I demonstrated sufficient
number of visible "traces" left behind by the Tur/Turk peoples of ancient times.
I also showed how widely the Tur/Turk presence was spread in the geograpy of the
ancient world. From all this we get a glimpse of how much obliteration,
suppression, assimilation and usurpation the ancient Turanian peoples and their
civilization, that is, their ancient religion, language, culture and
achievements, have been subjected to during the recent several millennia. What I
have said in this paper are quite contrary to the established claims that
readers are accustomed to read. A wide variety of things that I have indicated
above are the results of carefully scrutinized research that I have been doing
for a long time. I hope this will help to satisfy some of your questiones that
you rightfully
asked.
REFERENCES:
[1] Hendrik Willem
van Loon, "The Story Of Mankind", published by Pocket Books New York, 1973, p. 50-52.
[2] Encyclopaedia Britannica (EB),
1963, Vol. 1, p. 187.
[3] Mike Edwards and Sisse
Brimberg (photographs), Searching For The Scythians", National Geographic, Vol.
190, No. 3, September 1996, p. 60-61.
[4] Kamil Hüseyinoglu, "<<Turan
- Türk>> ve <<GUN-GUZ>> Etnonimleri Hagginda Geydler" Türk Dünyasi TARIH ve
KÜLTÜR Dergisi" By Türk Dünyasini Arastirma Vakfi (TDAV), No. 155, Kasim 1999,
s. 53.
[5] Hüseyin Namik Orkun, "Eski
Türk Yazitlari", Türk Dil Kurumu Yayinlari, Ankara, 1987.
[6] Encyclopaedia britannica,
1963, Vol. 4, p. 928. And the Plates I and II with "menhir" pictures.
[7] "Mysteries of the past"
edited by Joseph J. Thorndike. Jr., American
Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1977, p. 51.
[8] Mustafa Gökmen, "Eski Türk
Kitabeleri", Nakislar Yayinevi, Istanbul, 1981, p. 99.
[9] Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, 1947, p. 624.
[10] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Scotland", Prospero Books, 1998, p. 24-27, 54-55,
57, and others.
[11] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Ireland", 1998, p. 33, p. 48, p. 64-65 (balbal
like), p. 70, p. 85 The Royal Seat of Tara (TURA), and p. 144.
[12] Joseph Campbell,
"Historical Atlas of World Mythology, Vol. I The way of The Anymal Powers"
Harper & Row, Publishers New York, 1988, p. 87 Fig. 155.
[13] National Geographic, Vol.
174, No. 4, October 1988, p. 440.
[14] Joseph Campbell,
"Historical Atlas of World Mythology, Vol. I The way of The Anymal Powers"
Harper & Row, Publishers New York, 1988, p. 72.
[15] National Geographic, Vol.
174, No. 4, October 1988, p. 472.
[16] "Mysteries of the past"
edited by Joseph J. Thorndike. Jr., American
Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1977, p. 75
[17] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Ireland", 1998, p. 86, 87, 90, and p. 152 two
ying-yan spirals.
[18] "Mysteries of the past"
edited by Joseph J. Thorndike. Jr., p.
46-47.
[19] Colin Renfrew and Adam
Woolfitt (Photograps), "Ancient Europe Is Older Than we Thought", National
Geographic, Vol. 152, No.5, November 1977, p. 619.
[20] Simon Davis, "The
Decipherment of the Minoan Linear A and Pictographic Scripts", Witwatersrand
University Press, Johannesburg, 1967, p. 169-179.
[21] Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, 1947, p. 438.
[22] Simon Davis, "The
Decipherment of the Minoan Linear A and Pictographic Scripts", Witwatersrand
University Press, Johannesburg, 1967.
[23] Nina Hyde and Cary
Woolinsky (photogrphs), "Wool - Fabric of History", National Geographic Vol.
173, No. 5, May 1988, p. 558-559.
[24] Türk Dünyasi TARIH ve
KÜLTÜR Dergisi", TDAV, No. 201, Eylul 2003. See Turkic flags on the front cover
page of this publication.
[25] Tamara Talbot Rice, "The
Seljuks in Asia Minor", London Thames and Hudson, London, 1961, p. 172, p. 245
Plate 56, p. 246 Plate 57, 59, p. 249 Plate 64 (top
rosette an plate 65.
[26] 1. Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, 1947, p. 164. 2. Encyclopaedia
Britannica World Language Dictionary (EBWLD), 1963, Vol. 1, p. 215.
[27] Encyclopaedia Britannica
World Language Dictionary (EBWLD), 1963, Vol. 1, p. 679.
[28] Pierre Grimal (editor),
"Larousse World Mythology", Paul Hamlyn, London - New Yorkd, 1969, p.
137.
[29] Encyclopaedia Britannica
World Language Dictionary (EBWLD), 1963, Vol. 1, p. 173 .
[30] Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, 1947, p. 957.
[31] Ilhan Bashgöz, "Türk
Bilmeceleri II", Kültür Bakanligi Basvuru Kitaplari, Ankara, 1993, s. 618,
Bilmece No. 939.
[32] Tamara Talbot Rice, "The
Seljuks in Asia Minor", London Thames and Hudson, London, 1961, p. 243 plate 47,
p. 244 Plate 51.
[33] Steven Roger Fisher,
"Glyph Breaker", Copernicus, New York, 1997, see Side A picture of the Phaistos
Disk after p. 117, (Bow and
arrow symbols).
[34] 1. Werner
Keller, "The Etruscans", Alfred A. Knopf, New Yotk, 1974, p.118 (London, British
Museum), ("The mounted Bowman, detail
from the lid of a bronze urn). 2. Polat
Kaya , "Etrüsk, Kartaca ve Türk Dünyasi Baglantisi, Etrüsk Pirgi Yazitlarinin
Okunmasi", Türk Dünyasi Tarih ve Kültür Dergisi, TDAV, Mayis 1999, p. 54. 3.Michael
Grant, "The Etruscans", Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1980. See
illustration entitled: Amazon from the rim of a cauldron from Capua".
[35] Nina Hyde and Cary
Woolinsky (photogrphs), "Wool - Fabric of History", National Geographic Vol.
173, No. 5, May 1988, p. 559.
[36] Simon Davis, "The
Decipherment of the Minoan Linear A and Pictographic Scripts", Witwatersrand
University Press, Johannesburg, 1967, pages 190- 215.
[37] Mike Edwards and Sisse
Brimberg (photographs), Searching For The Scythians", National Geographic, Vol.
190, No. 3, September 1996, p. 54- 58, 59, 64-65.
[38] Dr. Ilhami Durmus, "ISKITLER
(SAKALAR"", Türk Kültürünü Arastirma Enstitüsü, Ankara, 1993,
[39] Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary, 1947, p. 1069.
[40] 1. Kamil
Hüseyinoglu, "<<Turan - Türk>> ve <<GUN-GUZ>> Etnonimleri Hagginda Geydler" Türk
Dünyasi TARIH ve KÜLTÜR Dergisi" By Türk Dünyasini Arastirma Vakfi (TDAV), No.
155, Kasim 1999, s. 53. 2. Hüseyin
Namik Orkun, "Eski Türk Yazitlari", Türk Dil Kurumu Yayinlari, Ankara, 1987.
[41] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Scotland", Prospero Books, 1998, p. 24-27, 54-55,
57, and others.
[42] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Scotland", p. 113.
[43] Tamara Talbot Rice, "The
Seljuks in Asia Minor", p. 217 Plate 1, p. 232 Plate 20.
[44] Iain Zaczek and David
Lyons (Photography), "Ancient Ireland", 1998, p. 152.
Best wishes to all,
Polat Kaya
December 18, 2003
Kamil KARTAL wrote:
>
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/nostratic/message/865
>
> From: Akhilesh Pillalamarri valardil@y...
> Date: Wed Nov 26, 2003 5:23 pm
> Subject: About the Turkish and Greek post
>
>
>
> That post, built on nothing I knew well before is very good and
> almost totally convinces me, congratulations to the author of it.
> However, my objection is to the fact that the Turks actually appear
> near Greece (in Antolia, where they replaced the Greek-speakers)
> around 1050-1100 A.D. while the Mycerian civilization was between
> 1400-1200 B.C. The Turic peoples did not leave their homeland until
> 600 AD. So there is a date discrepency. Please explain, though in my
> understanding the first "Turks" were assimilated into Greek culture
> very early on; but there should be a trace of their journey from
> central asia at least. Also, the Eurasian steppes were dominated by
> Iranian sprakers (Scytians, etc.) before the arrival of Turkic
> peoples. Enlighten me please. I am a new member to this group, btw.
>
> ~*AKHILESH*~
>
>
> --- In bcn2003-II@yahoogroups.com, Polat Kaya <tntr@C...> wrote:
> > Dave and all,
> >
> > Greetings. This paper is in response to Dave's questions directed
> > at me. It became necessarily long in order to explain Turkish
> > related background which has been blurred by mountains of
> > disinformation.
>