About Babylon and the "Tower of Babel", Part-2

(Continued from Part-1)

BABYLON AND THE "TOWER OF BABEL"
(Part-2)

By: Polat Kaya


Other MESOPOTAMIAN DEITIES:

In ancient Sumerian pantheon, ANU (Turkish "HAN-U" (Han-o)) which has
been altered by the Semites into "NOAH", was the creator sky-god and
UTU (Turkish "OT-O" (Od O)) was the Sun-God. UTU represented the
justice, uprightness, daytime, light, goodness, trustworthiness.
Another important deity of Sumer was ENLIL, the god of "weather and
wind". Like the Sun and water (Turkish "SU") which are essential for
life, so too is the weather (Turkish "HAVA" = English "air"). Hence
"AIR" (HAVA) also has godly qualities. Without "AIR" there would be no
living things on earth. Wind is an effect due to air movements.
Hence, Sumerian ENLIL was an important and essential "god" for life.
ENLIL was taken over by the Babylonians. This name is used in the
titles of many Mesopotamian kings since the time of Sumerians. This
Sumerian god was usurped by the ancient Babylonians from Sumerian
civilization and is still being followed at present times.

ENLIL:

The Sumerian name ENLIL is a composite word made up as "EN-L-IL", most
likely from Turkish "hAN yIL" meaning "Lord Wind" or from Turkish hAN
aL yIL" meaning "Lord Red Wind" or "Lord hot Wind". Turkish "hAN aL
yIL" ("Han Al Yel", "Han Ak-Yel", "Han Sicak-Yel", "SAM-Yeli) [16] is
a strong hot-wind blowing northeast from North African Great Sahara
towards Iranian plateau over the Arabian desert lands. Such a wind
would also stir up fine sand particles and make the air look reddish
(al) or yellowish (sari) depending on the color of the sand.

Scholars understood the Sumerian name ENLIL as the "Weather and Wind
God", but yet they somehow ignore the fact that the name is very much
related to Turkish as pointed out above. It seems that when it comes
to finding the roots of words, the eyes of "linguists" turn to all
other languages except Turkish. There seems to be a hidden rule among
them saying "stop" when the source might be "Turkish".

The source for this "disinterest" in Turkish must be due to the fact
that when cabalists caused the confusion of "languages" in Babylon,
they actually confused not many languages, but rather "one language
that world spoke" at that time (see Genesis 11). That language was
Turkish. Of course, they would not wish to bring back the language
that was confused intentionally in the first place. Hence, all kinds
of avoidance tricks are fabricated in order not to mention the name
"Turkish" or "Tur/Turk' of ancient times. One such trick is the
repetitively saying that "Turkish history starts only with Turks'
coming into Anatolia about a thousand years ago" - which, of course,
is far from truth.

MARDUK, a late comer to the Mesopotamian pantheon, was an important
Babylonian God, [17] whose establisment involved a lot of usurpation
of the ancient Sumerian gods such as UTU, and Enlil and their
characteristics. Anagrammatizing names and phrases descriptive of the
Sumerian deities into what is called "Akkadian" or "Babylonian" was
the basic tool of "usurpation. Take for example, the Semitic name
SHAMASH (sun) which is nothing but the Turkish word "ISHIMISH" meaning
"alighted, blazing, on fire, giving off light" which, of course,
refers to the "sun". Similarly, the Arabic name SHEMS (sun) is also
derived from Turkish word "ISHIMISH".

We have the following excerpts from various sources:

"Marduk took on many of the caharacteristics of ENLIL, and became the
chief god of the Babylonian pantheon. The worship of Marduk became
the official cult during King HAMMURABI's reign. He was often called
BEL-MARDUK in this later period." [18]

"The usurpation of Enlilship was accompanied by an extensive
Babylonian effort to forge the ancient texts. The most important
texts were rewritten and altered so as to make Marduk appear as the
Lord of Heavens, the Creator, the Benefactur, the Hero, instead of Anu
or Enlil or even Ninurta. Among the texts altered was the"Tale of
Zu"; and according to the Babylonian version, it was Marduk (not
Ninurta) who fought Zu." [19]

"The gods then proclaimed Marduk the supreme deity, and bestowed on
him the "fifty names" -the prerogatives and numerical rank of the
Enlilship". [20]

"There is enough evidence to show that the Babylonian version of the
epic was a masterful religious-political forgery of earlier Sumerian
versions, in which Anu, Enlil, and Ninurta were the heroes." [21]

"ENLIL (ELLIL), "Lord Wind", tutelary deity of Nippur, was ANU's son.
Like his father he came to be known as "Father" or "King" of the gods
and was the first to replace ANU in the mythology. His role as
national god of Sumer and bestower of kingship has already been
discussed in earlier chapters." [22]

"In late Baylonian times the title BEL, "Lord" became snonymous with
Marduk, who like Ishtar assimilated to himself various aspects of
other Gods." [23]

Implied in all this is that not only the Sumerian deities were usurped
but also Sumerian epics, sumerian culture and civilization were
usurped as Semitic Babylonian. The Sumerian "Wind-God" ENLIL was
usurped by the Babylonians and became the most dominant and
influential god in the Semitic Babylonian pantheon instead of the
earlier Sumerian ANU and UTU (Sun). Explaining "BEL" as "lord" is
neither correct nor truthful since this manufactured word is made from
two Turkish words. The term BEL is the anagram of Turkic expression
"aBa (aPa) yEL" meaning "Father Wind". This meaning is evident from
the meaning "Father" or "King" attributed to ENLIL above. Evidently,
there has been a lot of intentional confusiong regarding the original
Turkish words.

As cited above, Babylonia was a place filled with secretive cabalists
stealing the ancient knowledge, epics, traditions, laws, stories,
etc., of the Tur/Turk peoples' civilization. I would like to note here
that even the term "usurp" is itself usurped from Turkish as follows:

Let us first take the Greek words for this concept in case somebody
claims that it is actually sourced from Greek.

Greek "SPHETERIZOMAI" meaning "to usurp" [24], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ASHIRIP ETMEZ O", is an anagram of Turkish
phrase "ASHIRIP ETMEK O" meaning "it is to steal", "it is to take and
run or walk away with it", i.e., "it is to usurp". In this anagram
Turkish consonant sound "K" has been changed to Greek "Z" which not
only helps to camouflage it bit it also reverses the Turkish meaning.

Greek SPHETERISMOS meaning "usurpation" [25], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "OSHERIP-ETM-SS" is an anagram of Turkish phrase
"ASHIRIP ETMe ISHi" meaning "it is the act of stealing, it is act of
taking and running away with it", i.e., "it is usurpation".

In this anagram, SS stands for Turkish Sh sound which is used
frequently in many words. . Additionally the so called Greek letter
PH, so-called Greek (fi) is not really a letter as such but it is a
composite shadowy two-letter combination used particularly to
anagrammatize Turkish words. Like many other Greek letters, this one
is also a phantom letter standing for different letters at different
times, such as: f, p, ph, v, etc.

The Greek alphabet is an ingeniously but deceptively designed alphabet
which not only breaks the visual link with the Turkish source text,
but also with its many phantom letters is capable of superbly
camouflaging the anagrammatized Turkish words and phrases. Having
different shaped letters in an alphabet is one of the tricks of anagrammatizing.

Greek SPHETERISMES meaning "usurper" [26], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ESHERIP ETMSS", is an anagram of Turkish phrase
"ASHIRIP ETMISH" meaning " he has done stealing", "he has taken and
walked away with it", i.e., "he is usurper".

To support the validity of this kind of anagrammatizing that has taken
place, let us examine the Italian version of these words:

Italian USURPARE, meaning "to usurp" [27], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ASRU-UERP", with second U=V, is an anagram of
Turkish phrase "ASHURU VERIP" meaning "he has stolen", "he has taken
and walked away with it".

Italian USURPATO, meaning "usurped" [28], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ASURUPTO", is an anagram of Turkish phrase
"AShURUPTU" meaning "He stole". The past tense aspect comes from the
end suffix "-TO" which is the Turkish suffix for past tense case
(e.g., -di/ti, -du/tu).

Italian USURPAMENTO, meaning "usurpation" [29], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ASURUP ETMEN", is an anagram of Turkish phrase
"ASHURUP ETMEN" meaning "your stealing it" or "act of stealing by you"
which is "usurpation".

Italian USURPATORE, meaning "an usurper" [30], when decrypted
letter-by-letter as "ASURUP-ETR-O", is an anagram of Turkish phrase
"ASHURUP ETER O" meaning "he steals", "he takes and walks away with it
and then later claims it as his own".

In this regard even the English term "USURP" is an anagram of the
Turkish word " AShURUP" meaning "he/she has stolen". And in order to
avoid using the term "steal" in the English definition, they launder
it by using alternative words such as "seize" or "take with force" or
"take without permission".

Thus it is seen that all of these so-called Indo-European words are
not really authentic words at all, but rather, different anagrams
(i.e., shuffled or rearranged or encrypted forms) of Turkish phrases
that express a given concept.

The term PLAGIARISM is another word for "usurpation". PLAGIARISM, when
decrypted letter-by-letter as "PIL-AGRA-ISM", is an anagram of Turkish
phrase "PIL OGRU ISMI" (bil ogru ismi) meaning "its name is thief of
knowledge'". In this anagram, "PIL" is the Turkish word "BIL" (bilgi)
meaning "KNOWLEDGE", "AGRA" is the anagram of Turkish "OGRU" meaning
"thief, stealer", and "ISM" is the anagram of Turkish word "ISMI"
meaning "its name". All are anagrammatized into the one word "PLAGIARISM".

It is quite clear that the simple technique of "anagrammatizing" does
wonders for those who systematically steal knowledge from others and
obliterate the the original language and the owners. Evidently, this
has been in use since at least 4000 years ago. The so-called city of
"Babylon" has been, so-to-speak, a witches-cauldron of such activity.


Zecharia Sitchin notes the following:

"At least in one known instance, a Sumerian king of UR complained
directly to the assembly of the Gods that a series of troubles that
had befallen UR and her people could be traced back to the ill-fated
fact that "Enlil did give the kingship to a worthless man . . . . who
is not of Sumerian seed". [31]


Usurpation of ancient Turanian civilization is not limited to ancient
times. It is still going on. Presently many books and other media
present ancient Sumerian deities as "Assyro-Babylonian" (A-B) deities
and the name of "Sumerian" is not even mentioned or it is pushed to
the obscure background. For example, in a book entitled "Mythologies
of the World" [32], a God family tree entitled "Assyro-Babylonian
Creation Deities" shows the Sumerian God APSU as the top deity without
mentioning the name Sumerian. In this reference, APSU is presented as
"A-B, the personification of the sweet, primeval waters surrounding
and supporting the earth", [33]. This definition falsely claims APSU
as Assyro-Babylonian and omits the name Sumerian. In essence, the name
APSU is nothing but a distortion of Turkish "APA SU" meaning "Father
of Waters". The Turkish word SU means "Water" - whether it be sweet or
salty, and the Turkish word APA means "Father". This clearly shows how
Sumerian and Turkish were Turkic languages. In spite of all this, the
name TURK is never never mentioned.

This diagram of the "Assyro-Babylonian Creation Deities" also shows
the Sumerian Creator God ANU (Turkish HAN-U) but as one of the lower
deities. Again, the name Sumerian is not even mentioned, yet most
Sumerian-studying scholars know that ANU was the top Sumerian Creator
God. This book defines ANU as "A-B, the Akkadian Sky God, ruler of
the upper heavens and lord of the other deities, counterpart of the
God AN of the Sumerians. [34]

The same source gives (p. 50) the mythological name DAGAN as "a
Assyro-Babylonian god of the earth and agriculture, analogous to the
Phoenician god DAGON". Additionally, the same source gives the DAGDA
(dahgdu, dahgthu) as "Celtic god, the good god of earth and fertility,
. . ."

These names DAGAN, DAGON and DAGDA are nothing but the Turkish DAGHAN
(Dag-Han), one of the six sons of OGUZ-Kaghan), meaning "Mountain
Lord". Yet, no mention is made of a Turkish god with the name DAGHAN.
Is this due to lack of knowledge or intentional omission?

These claims are false representations. By assigning these ancient
Turanian Gods (religious concepts) to Semitic Babylonians, the ancient
Turanian civilizations are instantly transferred to Semitic
Babylonians. Yet these deities were Sumerian and Turkish deities who
were being worshipped several thousands of years earlier before the
Semitic Assyro-Babylonians ever arrived in Mesopotamia. This is
usurpation at its most obvious form. It is both the confusing of
history by being verbose and assigning the ownership off to the wrong people.

The innocent looking schematic [35] of this reference pushes not only
the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon ahead of the Sumerians in time, but
also obliterates the Sumerians and Turks, and gives the credit to the
much later Semitics. It gives the mistaken perception that Semitic
Babylonians were before the Sumerians and other Tur/Turk peoples, and
that it was the Semitic Babylonians who invented all this pantheon.
Yet such an image is contrary to facts. This is a blatant game of
usurpation.

Similarly, the name of the Sumerian Epic BILGAMESH was converted into
the name of GILGAMESH by the Babylonians, thus, again making it
artificially appear as being Semitic "Assyro-Babylonian". [36] Many
other Sumerian cultural identities, place names, artifact names etc.
have been changed into a Semitic identity by cunning verbal puns and
word games.

Shamash is defined as [Assyro-Babylonia]. Semitic Religion, The chief
sun-god, a beneficient power which drives away winter and storms and
brightens the earth with verdure." [37] Similarly, some other writers
also write mistakenly, by saying, "Shamash, sun god of Sumerian". [38]
Yet the name SHAMASH is an anagram of Turkish expression "ISHIMISH"
meaning "alighted, blazing, on fire, giving off light" which, of
course, refers to the "sun". But it is known that the name of the
Sumerian Sun-God was UTU (Turkish "UT-U" or "OT-O" or "OD-O" meaning
"it is fire"). Thus Both Shamash and Utu are Turkish in origin.

Additionally, they keep referring to the country of Sumerians as
"Babylon" which is a misrepresentation. The name "BABYLON" was coined
after the area was taken over by the Semitic people which occurred
much later than the Sumerians. The Semitic Babylonians took over the
much earlier Sumerian land, civilization and language, not the other
way around as is being portrayed. Such statements are disinformation
because of the fact that they intentionally put Semitism and
Babylonians, timewise, ahead of the Sumerians which is not the fact at
all. Thus, the Tur/Turk Sumerians and other Turkic peoples are
intentionally obliterated.

These usurpations are very much the same as changing the name of
ancient Tur/Turk MASAR (MISIR) state into the name of "EGYPT" derived
from the word "Gypsy" [39] or Turkish "KIPTI" meaning "Copt, Coptic,
Gypsy" [40]. Attributing a most ancient and long lasting Tur/Turk
Masar civilization to wandering "Gypsies" is a wicked usurpation.

The Arabic name for ancient so-called "EGYPT" is given as "El Qutr' el
Mas'ri" [41] meaning "The State of Masar/Misir" or "Country of
Masar/Misir". The term "MAS'RI" means "the Masarian" or so-called
"Egyptian".

The word QUTR, when rearranged as "UTRQ" is an anagram of Turkish
expression "oTURuK" meaning "place where one sits or lives" which
refers to "country". Thus, Arabic QUTR, English COUNTRY and Turkish
OTURUK all refer to the place one lives in.

Also embedded in the name "QUTR" is the name "TURQ (TURK)" where Q=K.
This cannot be due to coincidence. Although Masar (MISIR) was part of
the Turkish Memlûk and Ottoman Empires for the last thousand years or
so, the real connection between Turk and ancient Masar goes deep into
past history contrary to all denials.

With this new insight, the Arabic "EL QUTR' EL MAS'RI" becomes a form
of the Turkish expression"MASAR-i TURQ" ("Turk-Masarlari" veya "Masar
Turkleri) meaning "Turk Masars" or "Masar Turks". This is a powerful
link between the ancient name "MASAR" and "TURK". It further verifies
my claim that ancient MASARIANs were TUR/TURK peoples, and not
"GYPSIES" as falsely and wrongly portrayed by historians who insist on
calling this country "Egypt". The term "EGYPT" is misrepresentation
that has been either innocently or intentionally perpetrated. The
correct name for this country should be either MASAR or MISIR. It
must be noted that a good part of the present Arab population in North
Africa and in the Middle East are the remnants of the ancient Turk
Misir Empire and the Tur/Turk Sumerians, Caananites, Phoenicians,
Palestinians (Bilistan/Balistan) and others - although these remnants
have been falsely classified under one umbrella name "Arab", that is,
Semitic Arab. The Caananites, Phoenicians and Palestinians are
incorrectly referred to as "West Semitics" when in actuality, they are
Turkic in origin. Since about 1200, Egypt and the Middle East was
called "Turkiye".

We have another Arabic name related to Turks. The Arabic name "ETRAK"
means "Turks" [42]. It must be noted that even the name "ETRAK",
when decrypted letter-by-letter as "TERAK", is an anagram of the name
"TURK" or "TURUK" meaning "Turk". Turks were also called TURUK in
history in ancient times. TURUKKUS of ancient Hurrians, Mitannians,
Canaanites and the Turukkus of Zagros mountains were all Turks
contrary to denials. It seems that there is a very long lasting
anti-Tur/Turk sentiment probably because their very ancient
civilization was usurped and effectively estinguished.

The Turkish name TURUK (TURK) is also embedded in the word "OTURUK"
meaning "country". But "OTURUK" is also "O TURUK" meaning "It is
Turk" or "It is Turk country". Thus the expression "MASAR-i TURQ"
also means "Masar was Turk ". Thus ancient Masar and Turk are
connected to each other ever since the foundation of the ancient
Tur/Turk Masar state some six thousand years ago.

Since it gives very important related information, we should also
analyse the English term COUNTRY. The term COUNTRY when decrypted as:

a) "O-TUR-CYN", with C=K, is an anagram of Turkish expression "OTUR
KöYüN" (O köyündür) meaning "it is your village" referring to the
village, and hence, to the place where one lives.

b) "OTURC-YN", with C=K, is an anagram of Turkish expression "OTURUK
öYüN" meaning "it is your house or country of living"; thus, again it
is referring to a person's home country.

c) "O-TURC-YN", with C=K, is an anagram of Turkish expression
"O-TURK-öYüN" meaning "it is Turk country".

Thus, the terms COUNTRY, QUTR and their source texts in Turkish are
all related.

Similar name altering games have been done on the names of ancient
Tur/Turk states of Anatolia (Asia Minor). The use of the descriptive
term "Asia Minor" being used to define "Anatolia" is not a
coincidence. It is known that when a group of people leaving their
countries, say countries A, B, C, and going to another land where
they establish new communities from A, B, C, the new communities are
frequently referred to as "Small A, Small B, Small C" or "New A, New
B, New C", etc.. In the same way, the term "Asia Minor" also
represents the Asia (Turan) in Anatolia, i.e., Turkish speaking new
communities established in ancient Anatolia. Those Turanian
civilizations of Anatolia were established far before the arrival of
Greeks and other wandering peoples.

It can be said that intentionally changing the names belonging to
ancient Tur/Turk peoples whereever they flourished in the past to
non-Turkic names have been an easy way of obliterating Turkic peoples
from history. Different religious sources have done their best to
achieve that obliteration. Presently, similar activities are also
being carried out by claiming the ancient "Turkish Hazar Empire" as a
"Jewish Hazar Empire" by using the double meaning term "Jewish" where
the term "Jewish" indicates both being in the "Jewish religious faith"
and the "Jewish people". Of course, only a small percentage of the
population of Turk Hazar Empire was Jewish in ethnicity and the
remaining majority were Turkish peoples. Although some of the Kagans
and some of the Turks of the empire followed the "Jewish" faith after
some time from the foundation of their empire, the rest followed their
ancient Sky-God religion. Calling Turks by their religious affinity
such as "Moslems of Rusia, Asia, or of Europe, rather than by their
Turkic identity, is a trick used frequently. They know that such
appellation obliterates the Turkish peoples into obscurity. This is
done intentionally by people with ill intentions towards Tur/Turk
peoples. For example, artificially breaking away Turkish people
so-called "Kurds" from Turks by way of verbose pronouncements and by
anagrammatizing a language for them from Turkish is a valid example of
this. This is an usurpation of Turkish peoples by playing games on
words. Thus, it is seen that usurpation of ancient Tur/Turk peoples,
their cultures and civilizations was and still is a "full-time
occupation" for some people.

All of this discussion is necessary and is provided here because they
are inportant elements in understanding Babylon and the concept of the
"Tower of Babel".


MORE ABOUT BABYLON:

Regarding the name "Babylon", Joan Oates provides us with an
enlightening input. She writes: [43]

"By the time of the AGADE king Shar-kali-sharri the town boasted at
least two temples, and under the kings of UR was of sufficient
importance to be the seat of the local governor. The name Babylon æ
Akkadian BAB-ILIM, biblical BABEL, "gate of god" æ was long thought to
be merely a translation of an eralier Sumerian name "KADINGIRRA". But
the city's name is first found in the Akkadian form BAB-ILIM, now
believed to be a secondary spelling developed by popular etymology
from an earlier name BABIL, meaning of which is unknown. Much later,
the plural form BAB-ILANI, "gate of the gods", is found. This became
babulwn (BABULON) in Greek, hence the modern name Babylon."

Before explaining the name BABEL (BABIL) and/or "BABYLON" (BAB-ILIM),
let us dwell on a few other names that appear in this citing.

1) The city name AGADE from which the name AKKADIAN is derived, is
the Turkish word "AGADI" meaning "it is lord". In ancient Turanian
naming tradition (remember "DEDE KORKUT"), cities were also given a
"sky-name" otherwise known as "GOGNOMEN" from Turkish "GÖG NAMIN"
meaning "your sky name". Thus, it appears that this city called AGADE
is also named after the "LORD" Sky-God, that is "AGA" in Turkish.
Hence the name AGADE is not Semitic as portrayed. Secondly, the name
AKKADIAN is an anagram of the Turkish expression "AKADI+AN" where the
word "AN" is the ancient Turkish word meaning: a) "SKY" (GÖK/GÖG/GÖY),
and b) the "plurality" suffix equivalent to present "-ler/lar" suffix.
Thus, the term AKKADIAN has at least, two meanings: in one it means
"people of AGADE", and in the other it means "Those who are lords",
thus elevating themselves above others. Therefore, in the name
"AKKADIAN", a double meaning has been embedded into the name by
playing games on Turkish words and expressions.

2) It is seen that among the Sumerian words there are words that are
composite words made up from Turkish basic words. For example,
Sumerian Dingir and "KADINGIRRA" are such words. The meaning of this
is that the Sumerian was an agglutinative language kust like the
Turkish language. Another possibility is that some of these ancient
writings are being read wrong (i.e., as concatenated words) thus
making the recognition of the Turkic root words difficult.

We have noted that the Sumerian word DINGIR meaning "SKY-GOD" or
"Deity" is the same as Turkish "TENGIR, "TENGERE, TANGARA, TENGRI and
TANRI also meaning "Sky-God". Thus there is complete correspondence
between Sumerian and Turkish in this respect.

The Sumerian composite word "KADINGIRRA" meaning "Gate of God" is also
important from the Turkish point of view. The word KADINGIRRA, when
separated into its founding elements as "KA DINGIR RA", would be a
form of the Turkish expression "KAPI TENGIR RA" (TANRI GÜN KAPISI)
meaning "God Sun Gate". This Turkish expression is very much the same
as the Sumerian expression in which Sumerian "KA" (gate) is Turkish
"KAPI" meaning "door, gate, an opening", Sumerian "DINGIR" is Turkish
"TENGIR", and "RA" is Turkish "ER/RE/RA" for the Tur Masarian (ancient
MISIR) Sun-God.

The word "KAPI" comes from the Turkish verb "kapatmak" meaning "to
close". Like "KAPI" there is also "KAPAK" meaning "cover, lid, cap",
that is, a means to close an opening in order to protect what is
inside an enclosure. Thus, the root for these Turkish words seems to
be "KA" which is the same as the Sumerian "KA" for door or gate. In
this regard too, both the Sumerian and Turkish have common background.

3) We have noted that the Sumerian weather and wind god ENLIL was
adopted by the Semitic Babylonians who made ENLIL as the top god of
their pantheon. Thus, ENLIL was such an important god for them. This
god's name appears in the king titles of many Turanian and Semitic
peoples in the ancient Mesopotamia. For example, many king titles of
the Turanian group called "KASSITES" (oKUS ITIS/IDIZ) meaning "they
were OGUZ (people)", have the name ENLIL in their titles in addition
to many other Turkish words. KASSITES were not Semitic as many of
their king names indicate. [44]. These Turanian Tur/Turk people had
a sovereign ruling state in Mesopotamia between c. 1570 B. C. to 1157
B. C. lasting about 500 years. [45].

One of the remnants of their civilization is the "boundary-stone"
called "KUDURRU". [46] The word is Akkadian anagrammatized from
Turkish "ARA DURUK" (ara direk) meaning "post between properties or
borders". They are made of stone with inscriptions on them. Many
examples of so-called "KUDURRU" have been found in Mesopotamia. It is
evident that when the term "KUDURRU" was made up from "ARA DURUK",
meaning "that which stands in the boundary", Turkish was there and was
being used by not only the Kassites but also the Semitics.

REFERENCES:

[16] Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1947, p. 879.
[17] Zecharia Sitchin, "The 12th Planet", Avon Books, New York, 1978,
p. 236.
[18] Rhoda A. Hendricks, "Mythologies of the World A Concise
Encyclopedia",
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1973, p. 119.
[19] Zecharia Sitchin, "The 12th Planet", Avon Books, New York, 1978,
p. 110.
[20] Zecharia Sitchin, "The 12th Planet", Avon Books, New York, 1978,
p. 211.
[21] Zecharia Sitchin, "The 12th Planet", Avon Books, New York, 1978,
p. 211.
[22] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 172.
[23] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 172.
[24] DIVRY's English-Greek and Greek-English Dictionary, p. 368.
[25] DIVRY's English-Greek and Greek-English Dictionary, p. 368.
[26] DIVRY's English-Greek and Greek-English Dictionary, p. 368.
[27] C. Graglia's New Pocket Dictionary of the Italian and English
Languages",
Routledge, Warne, & Routledge, London, 1864, p. 422.
[28] C. Graglia's New Pocket Dictionary of the Italian and English
Languages",
Routledge, Warne, & Routledge, London, 1864, p. 422.
[29] C. Graglia's New Pocket Dictionary of the Italian and English
Languages",
Routledge, Warne, & Routledge, London, 1864, p. 422.
[30] C. Graglia's New Pocket Dictionary of the Italian and English
Languages",
Routledge, Warne, & Routledge, London, 1864, p. 422.
[31] Zecharia Sitchin, "The 12th Planet", Avon Books, New York, 1978,
p. 99.
[32] Rhoda A. Hendricks and Max S. Shapiro (Executive editor),
"Mythologies of
the World A Concise Encyclopedia", MacGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981, p. xxi.
[33] Rhoda A. Hendricks and Max S. Shapiro (Executive editor),
"Mythologies of
the World A Concise Encyclopedia", p. 18.
[34] Rhoda A. Hendricks and Max S. Shapiro (Executive editor),
"Mythologies of
the World A Concise Encyclopedia", p. 16.
[35] Rhoda A. Hendricks and Max S. Shapiro (Executive editor),
"Mythologies of
the World A Concise Encyclopedia", MacGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981, p. xxi.
[36] Rhoda A. Hendricks and Max S. Shapiro (Executive editor),
"Mythologies of
the World A Concise Encyclopedia", p. 70.
[37] Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1947, p. 913.
[38] Laura Torbet (editor), "Helena Rubinstein"s Book of The Sun",
Times Books, 1979, p. 104-105.
[39] Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1947, p. 319.
[40] Redhouse Turkish - English Dictionary, Redhouse Yayinevi,
Istanbul, 1987.p. 653.
[41] Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Fifth Edition, 1947, p. 1196.
[42] Redhouse Turkish - English Dictionary, Redhouse Yayinevi,
Istanbul, 1987.p. 352.
[43] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 60.
[44] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 200.
[45] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 200.
[46] Joan Oates, "BABYLON", Thames and Hudson Ltd, London, 1979, p. 100.


Best wishes to all,

Polat Kaya

03/03/2004

(Continued in Part-3)