INTRODUCTION

In a previous study of mine given at URL    http://www.polatkaya.net/200_Words_Hymes_List.html, I had shown that in a given test, which is called the Dell Hymes 200 word list test, about 47% of the Turkish words were the same as those of the Sumerian words, that is, after about 5000 years of separation. In that test, 200 Sumerian words, corresponding to different concepts, are chosen, and the selected language claiming to be related to Sumerian must pass a certain percentage of relationship in order to be regarded as a related language. This previous study of mine, with a 47% correspondence, was strong proof that Sumerian and Turkish were not only related to each other but most likely were the same language or dialects to one another. Thus, a language that has 47% of the root words of the Sumerian list can be a direct descendant of that language.

Dell Hymes mathematical relationship [5] is given in my first study at URL: http://www.polatkaya.net/200_Words_Hymes_List.html.

Sumerian, being an ancient and, according to some thinking, a "dead" language, has had its present day reading done through the intermediary of Akkadian and other Semitic languages. That is to say, Akkadian and other Semitic languages are said to have been used as an intermediary dictionary in the reading of Sumerian texts. Since language is the most important part of any culture, those who did not live that Sumerian culture which created the Sumerian language and who read the Sumerian texts recently would not be able to read and define exact meanings of Sumerian words - no matter how efficient they may have been in reading Sumerian cuneiform texts. Therefore some degree of inexactness is expected in the definition and attributed meaning of each Sumerian word that is presented to readers at this time.  It is known that Semitic Akkadians "adopted" the language and culture of Sumer after they conquered it.  As I have explained in my other writings, "adopted" here does not mean that the Akkadians took the existing Sumerian language and used it themselves as it was.  The so-called Akkadian language is a restructured and altered form of the original Sumerian and/or most likely Turkish because under scrutiny, many Akkadian words suggest that they were restructured from Turkish.  Since Akkadian was used as a "lens" for reading and deciphering Sumerian texts,  the resulting transliterations are expected to be much more Semitized and further alienated from the source texts, 

In the study I present here, I collected some 300 Sumerian words that have correspondence with Turkish. The sample words are mostly one to two syllables in both languages. My sources for this study are mainly the "Vocabulary" in the book by C. J. Gadd and a book by Edgar H. Sturtevant given below in the references.   Particularly, in the case of the book by Edgar H. Sturtevant, I also noted the page numbers on which words and their meanings appear. 

This list is done independently of my previous lists. I have not included the list by Prof. Dr. Osman Nedim Tuna. Thus this is a new list that may include some of the words identified by Osman Nedim Tuna and in fact may not have some of the words that he has in his list. In any case, this three hundred word list here constitutes unquestionable and powerful kinship between Turkish and Sumerian.  So much so that Sumerian can be called a Turkic language.

In the book by Edgar H. Sturtevant, there are many Sumerian words that have been read in different forms, such as TUR being read as MAR or DUMU. Also there are many Akkadian words that give the impression of being restructured directly from Turkish. Similarly, there are Sumerian words that look suspiciously like they too were derived from Turkish - making one think that this was done during the presentation of the transliterated words.  The readers of those ancient Sumerian texts must have been aware that the Semitic and Indo-European words were restructured forms of Turkish words and phrases. It is likely that they may have used the same alteration technique in order to further alienate Sumerian from Turkish.

The list below is the result of this study. 



 

A SAMPLING OF "SUMERIAN" WORDS RECOGNIZED AS TURKISH

(Italicized words are Akkadian.)


SUMERIAN (Su.)     TURKISH (Tr.)


A

      

B

D
 

Note: In Turkish there is the saying of "çocuk-tur", "küçük-tür" meaning "it is child, it is small". In this case TUR is the suffix meaning "it is". It is most likely due to such usage of Turkish word TUR that it has been attributed the meaning "child, small" in reading the Sumerian texts.  This is another attempt to obliterate the ancient Turanian name TUR as it has been replaced with MAR and DUMU.

   
NOTE: The Akkadian word SHIPRI is a restructured word from Turkish ASHIRIP meaning "carried, taken".  
 

Note: These expressions in Sumerian, Akkad and Turkish verify the ancient world as a TUR/TURK world and their world was TURAN.  Evidently the wandering AKKADS, like the wandering GREEKS, did a lot of alteration to the ancient Turkish language and called the altered versions of Turkish words and phrases as their own 'invented' language.  The wanderers did all of these confusions in order to obliterate the ancient TUR/TURK Turko-Sumerian, that is, KUNGUR (GÜN-KOR), KI-EN-GI (GÖY-HAN KÖY) peoples. 

Note: L in SAL is an intentional replacement for "K" as an alphabetic up-shift. With that alteration, the word becomes SAK which is the reverse of Tr. KIS (KIZ) meaning "girl".
 

G
 

H
 

**********

I
 

{probably Tr. AY, meaning "moon"? PK}

K
 

L
 

{Note: the Akkadian LIMU is from Turkish "MIN U" where Tr. N has been changed into L, meaning "it is thousand".  Similarly, LIM is from Turkish MIN.}
 

M
 

N
 

P
 

R
 

S
 

T
 

 The word Lu TARTENNU is an Akkadianized word and therefore a restructured one from Turko-Sumerian source. Hence it has several relevant meanings embedded in it.  Thus, when it is rearranged letter-by-letter as:

1)     "LU TAN ENTUR", it reveals itself as the Turkish expression "ULA TAN HANTUR" (OLA GÖK HANTUR) meaning "man is Sky-Lord", or "ULU TAN HANTUR" meaning "Great Sky-Lord".  Both of these Turkish expressions describe a very high level officer such as "commander-in-chief". 

If someone has the title of "Sky-Lord", then he is surely the commander in chief in his country. This name also brings to our attention the name "EN GI" in the name "KI EN GI" (see in this list) which I read as "EN GÖY" or "GÖY HAN" (GÖK HAN) which is the name of one of the six sons of OGUZ KAGAN.  It becomes clear that Sumerians were the "GÖK-HANS", i.e., "The Sky-Lords". 

2)    "LU TURAN-ENT", it is the restructured form of the Turkish expression "OLA TURAN HANTU" meaning  "man is Turan Lord" which again describes the position of "commander-in-chief". 

3)    "LU TURANTEN", it is the restructured form of the Turkish expression "OLA TURANTAN" meaning "man is from Turan".  Again the name relates this high level officer to ancient Turanians.  The next name, also given in the same source, also verifies this concept.
 

The word LU TURTANU is an Akkadianized word and therefore a restructured word from Turko-Sumerian linguistic source. Hence it has several relevant meanings embedded in it.  Thus, when it is rearranged letter-by-letter as:

1)    "LU TUR-AN-TU", it reveals itself as the restructured form of the Turkish expression "OLA TUR-AN-TU" meaning "man is Lord-TUR of Sky" (Man is Lord Sky-God) which again makes him a "commander-in-chief".  Alternately, it would be "ULU TUR HAN-TU" meaning "He is Great TUR LORD" which again describes a "commander-in-chief's" position.

2)   "U LU TURTAN", it is the restructured and disguised form of the Turkish expression "O OLA TURTAN" (O OLA TURDAN) meaning "that man is from TUR people".  

3)    "OLA TURANTU", it is the restructured and disguised form of the Turkish expression "OLA TURANTU" (OLA TURANLUDU) meaning "man is from TURAN" which again connects the concept to ancient Turan. 

 

  
        
U
 

Z
 

    

***


CONCLUSIONS:

1.    The 300+ Sumerian words presented in the above list are unquestionably recognizable as Turkish. No linguistic contrary rhetoric will change that fact.  These words are evidences that at the time of Sumerians, Turkish was a widely used language.  

2.    The fact that Sumerian Dingir UD meaning "sun god" (versus Turkish Tengir OD meaning "fire god, sun god"), was presented as Dingir UTU clearly tells us that the readers of the ancient Sumerian texts deliberately misread or misrepresented at least some of the readings of the Sumerian texts so that they would not be recognized as Turkish. 

3.     The very fact that we find Sumerian GISH APIN meaning "wooden plough" and Turkish AGASH SABAN meaning "wooden plough" is an indication that farming grains, that is, barley and wheat (Tr. "arpa" and "bugday or bugda") was a Turanian invention.  These words are testimony that Turkish was present and also a widely used language at the time of Tur/Turk Sumerians. 

4.    We find the Turkish OGUZ (Sun-God), OKUZ (bull), and AGUZ (word) concept in Sumerian also, but still in Turkish. This is a concept that relates and unifies man with God and defines the human speech as "God's Word". Additionally describes the "bull" as a sacred logo of God. Sumerian Dingir UD,  (Dingir UTU - meaning "Sun God"), GUD (meaning "bull") and DI (meaning "word") versus Turkish Tengir OD (meaning "Sun God"), UT (meaning "bull") and DE (meaning "say, speak, word") are one and the same.   Additionally, they are homonyms (i.e., Sumerian UD - GUD - DI and Turkish OD - UT - DE) - just like Turkish OGUZ - OKUZ - AGUZ.

The English word GOD is almost certainly taken from Sumerian GUD meaning "Bull" because the bull was the sacred logo of the Sky God - just like Turkish OKUZ (bull) was the logo for the Sky God OGUZ.  Similarly, Turkish AGA UT (meaning "Lord cattle" - i.e., bull) is the bull. And also Turkish AGA OD (meaning "Lord Fire" - i.e., sun) was the Sun God.  It is seen that all modern concepts of GOD are gyrating around these ancient Turko-Sumerian concepts of GOD, BULL and SPEECH that were originally developed as part of the Turkish language and the civilization of the ancient Tur/Turk Turanian peoples.  Indo-European and Semitic languages took it from the ancient Turko-Sumerian Turanians. 

5.    The very fact that the Turkish term ISTAN, meaning Sky God, Sun-God, has been altered into Akkadian as IShTEN and  ISHTENUTU during the days of Sumerians is further evidence that Turkish was the dominating language in the Middle East and in the Shinar, that is, the KI EN GI (GÖY-HAN KÖY meaning "SKY-LORD LAND). Similarly, the Sumerian Dingir.UTU-ShI (which is the same as the Turkish "Tengir OD ISHU" meaning "God fire and light) which is the "sun", and Akkadian ShAMShU or  ShAMSHI (from Turkish "ISHIMISH" meaning "it is alight, it has become on fire, it is glowing" where Turkish ISHI means "light",  and also from Turkish  "ISIMISH" meaning "it has become hot" where Turkish ISI means "heat" and MISH is a suffix - all of which describe the sun or the Sun God) again verifies that Turkish was the dominant language of the Sumerian times. In fact Akkadian ShAMShU or  ShAMSHI (meaning "Sun God") is nothing but the restructured and disguised form of the Turkish expression "ISHIMISH" and "ISIMISH".

6.    It can be confidently said that Sumerian is not a dead language nor are the Sumerians dead people. The Sumerians (most likely the GÖY-HANs) are living as Turkic peoples and their language as Turkish. At its time, the Sumerian language must have been a dialect of the ancient Turanian TUR (OGUZ) language. 

7.    Since the time of Semitic Akkadians and in view of the known information, there has been an anti-Tur campaign against the ancient Turanians, their religion and language. With such animosity, the Tur/Turk peoples' language, religion, civilization and traditions (Tr. töre, tora, torah) have been confused and usurped by way of altering the language. Hence anything and everything that was Turko-Sumerian have been changed and confused. Even the ethnicity, name and religion of the Turanian Tur/Turk peoples have been altered and assimilated into non-Turanian groups.  This, together with the demonization tactic, has been the tactic of obliterating the very ancient, well developed and established civilization of Turan which was the model for modern civilization.  



REFERENCES:

1.    C. J. Gadd, "A Sumerian Reading Book", Oxford At The Clarendon Press, 1924. 
2.    John L. Hayes, "A manual of Sumerian Grammar and Texts", UNDENA Publications, Malibu, 1990.
3.    Dr. Mebrure Tosun ve Dr. Kadriye Yalvaç, "Sumer, Babil, Asur Kanunlari ve Ammi-Saduqa Fermani", Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, Ankara, 1989.
4.    Edgar H. Sturtevant, "A Hittite Glossary", Yale University by The Linguistic Society of America, "WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY LINGUISTIC SERIES", 1936.
5.    Dell Hymes, "Lexikostatistics so far", Current Antropology, pages 30-31 University of Chicago, 1960.
6.    Warren H. Held, Jr., William R. Schmalstieg and Janet E. Gertz, "Beginning Hittite", Slavica Publishers, Inc., Colombus, Ohio, 1987.
7.    Hüseyin Namik Orkun, "Eski Türk Yazitlari", Türk Dil Kurumu Yayinlari:529, Ankara, 1987.  


With best wishes to all,

Polat Kaya

25/11/2005